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Wireless networks are accessible to anyone within the router’s transmission radius. This makes them vulnerable to attacks. Hotspots are available in public places such as airports, restaurants, parks, etc.
In this tutorial, we will introduce you to common techniques used to exploit weaknesses in wireless network security implementations. We will also look at some of the countermeasures you can put in place to protect against such attacks.
How to Hack WiFi PasswordIn this practical scenario, we are going to learn how to crack WiFi password. We will use Cain and Abel to decode the stored wireless network passwords in Windows. We will also provide useful information that can be used to crack the WEP and WPA keys of wireless networks.
Decoding Wireless network passwords stored in WindowsStep 1) Download the Cain and Abel tool
Download Cain & Abel from the link provided above.
Open Cain and Abel
Step 2) Select the Decoders tab and choose Wireless passwords
Step 3) The passwords will be shown
Assuming you have connected to a secured wireless network before, you will get results similar to the ones shown below
Step 4) Get the passwords along with encryption type and SSID
The decoder will show you the encryption type, SSID and the password that was used.
What is a wireless network?A wireless network is a network that uses radio waves to link computers and other devices together. The implementation is done at the Layer 1 (physical layer) of the OSI model.
How to access a wireless network?Wireless Network Authentication
Since the network is easily accessible to everyone with a wireless network enabled device, most networks are password protected. Let’s look at some of the most commonly used authentication techniques.
WEPWEP is the acronym for Wired Equivalent Privacy. It was developed for IEEE 802.11 WLAN standards. Its goal was to provide the privacy equivalent to that provided by wired networks. WEP works by encrypting the data been transmitted over the network to keep it safe from eavesdropping.
WEP AuthenticationOpen System Authentication (OSA) – this methods grants access to station authentication requested based on the configured access policy.
Shared Key Authentication (SKA) – This method sends to an encrypted challenge to the station requesting access. The station encrypts the challenge with its key then responds. If the encrypted challenge matches the AP value, then access is granted.
WEP WeaknessWEP has significant design flaws and vulnerabilities.
WEP uses the RC4 encryption algorithm to create stream ciphers. The stream cipher input is made up of an initial value (IV) and a secret key. The length of the initial value (IV) is 24 bits long while the secret key can either be 40 bits or 104 bits long. The total length of both the initial value and secret can either be 64 bits or 128 bits long. The lower possible value of the secret key makes it easy to crack it.
Weak Initial values combinations do not encrypt sufficiently. This makes them vulnerable to attacks.
WEP is based on passwords; this makes it vulnerable to dictionary attacks.
Keys management is poorly implemented. Changing keys especially on large networks is challenging. WEP does not provide a centralized key management system.
The Initial values can be reused
Because of these security flaws, WEP has been deprecated in favor of WPA
WPAWPA is the acronym for Wi-Fi Protected Access. It is a security protocol developed by the Wi-Fi Alliance in response to the weaknesses found in WEP. It is used to encrypt data on 802.11 WLANs. It uses higher Initial Values 48 bits instead of the 24 bits that WEP uses. It uses temporal keys to encrypt packets.
WPA Weaknesses
The collision avoidance implementation can be broken
It is vulnerable to denial of service attacks
Pre-shares keys use passphrases. Weak passphrases are vulnerable to dictionary attacks.
How to Crack WiFI (Wireless) Networks WEP crackingCracking is the process of exploiting security weaknesses in wireless networks and gaining unauthorized access. WEP cracking refers to exploits on networks that use WEP to implement security controls. There are basically two types of cracks namely;
Passive cracking– this type of cracking has no effect on the network traffic until the WEP security has been cracked. It is difficult to detect.
Active cracking– this type of attack has an increased load effect on the network traffic. It is easy to detect compared to passive cracking. It is more effective compared to passive cracking.
How to Hack WiFi Password using Hacker (WEP Cracking) ToolsWPA Cracking
WPA uses a 256 pre-shared key or passphrase for authentications. Short passphrases are vulnerable to dictionary attacks and other attacks that can be used to crack passwords. The following WiFi hacker online tools can be used to crack WPA keys.
General Attack types
Sniffing– this involves intercepting packets as they are transmitted over a network. The captured data can then be decoded using tools such as Cain & Abel.
Man in the Middle (MITM) Attack– this involves eavesdropping on a network and capturing sensitive information.
Denial of Service Attack– the main intent of this attack is to deny legitimate users network resources. FataJack can be used to perform this type of attack. More on this in article
Cracking Wireless network WEP/WPA keysIt is possible to crack the WEP/WPA keys used to gain access to a wireless network. Doing so requires software and hardware resources, and patience. The success of such WiFi password hacking attacks can also depend on how active and inactive the users of the target network are.
We will provide you with basic information that can help you get started. Backtrack is a Linux-based security operating system. It is developed on top of Ubuntu. Backtrack comes with a number of security tools. Backtrack can be used to gather information, assess vulnerabilities and perform exploits among other things.
Some of the popular tools that backtrack has includes;
Metasploit
Wireshark
Aircrack-ng
NMap
Ophcrack
Cracking wireless network keys requires patience and resources mentioned above. At a minimum, you will need the following tools
A wireless network adapter with the capability to inject packets (Hardware)
Be within the target network’s radius: If the users of the target network are actively using and connecting to it, then your chances of cracking it will be significantly improved.
knowledge: Linux based operating systems and working knowledge of Aircrack and its various scripts.
Patience: Cracking the keys may take a bit of sometime depending on a number of factors some of which may be beyond your control. Factors beyond your control include users of the target network using it actively as you sniff data packets.
How to Secure wireless networksIn minimizing wireless network attacks; an organization can adopt the following policies
Changing default passwords that come with the hardware
Enabling the authentication mechanism
Access to the network can be restricted by allowing only registered MAC addresses.
Use of strong WEP and WPA-PSK keys, a combination of symbols, number and characters reduce the chance of the keys been cracking using dictionary and brute force attacks.
Firewall Software can also help reduce unauthorized access.
Summary
Wireless network transmission waves can be seen by outsiders, this possesses many security risks.
WEP is the acronym for Wired Equivalent Privacy. It has security flaws which make it easier to break compared to other security implementations.
WPA is the acronym for Wi-Fi Protected Access. It has security compared to WEP
Intrusion Detection Systems can help detect unauthorized access
A good security policy can help protect a network.
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