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What is VLAN?VLAN is a custom network which is created from one or more local area networks. It enables a group of devices available in multiple networks to be combined into one logical network. The result becomes a virtual LAN that is administered like a physical LAN. The full form of VLAN is defined as Virtual Local Area Network.
The below topology depicts a network having all hosts inside the same virtual LAN:
network having all hosts inside the same VLAN
Without VLANs, a broadcast sent from a host can easily reach all network devices. Each and every device will process broadcast received frames. It can increase the CPU overhead on each device and reduce the overall network security.
Host A can reach only devices available inside the same VLAN
VLAN in networking is a virtual extension of LAN. A LAN is a group of computer and peripheral devices which are connected in a limited area such as school, laboratory, home, and office building. It is a widely useful network for sharing resources like files, printers, games, and other applications.
In this Virtual LAN tutorial, you will learn:
How VLAN worksHere is step by step details of how VLAN works:
VLANs in networking are identified by a number.
A Valid range is 1-4094. On a VLAN switch, you assign ports with the proper VLAN number.
The switch then allows data which needs to be sent between various ports having the same VLAN.
Since almost all networks are larger than a single switch, there should be a way to send traffic between two switches.
One simple and easy way to do this is to assign a port on each network switch with a VLAN and run a cable between them.
VLAN RangesHere are the important ranges of VLAN:
Range Description
VLAN 0-4095 Reserved VLAN, which cannot be seen or used.
VLAN 1: This is a default VLAN of switches. You cannot delete or edit this VLAN, but it can be used.
VLAN 2-1001: It is a normal VLAN range. You can create, edit, and delete it.
VLAN 1002-1005: These ranges are CISCO defaults for token rings and FDDI. You cannot delete this VLAN.
VLAN 1006-4094: It is an extended range of VLANs.
Example of VLANIn the below example, there are 6 hosts on 6 switches having different VLANs. You need 6 ports to connect switches together. It means, if you have 24 various VLANs, you will have only 24 hosts on 45 port switches.
Example of VLAN
Characteristics of VLANHere are the important characteristics of VLAN:
Virtual LANs offer structure for making groups of devices, even if their networks are different.
It increases the broadcast domains possible in a LAN.
Implementing VLANs reduces the security risks as the number of hosts which are connected to the broadcast domain decreases.
This is performed by configuring a separate virtual LAN for only the hosts having sensitive information.
It has a flexible networking model that groups users depending on their departments instead of network location.
Changing hosts/users on a VLAN is relatively easy. It just needs a new port-level configuration.
It can reduce congestion by sharing traffic as individual VLAN works as a separate LAN.
A workstation can be used with full bandwidth at each port.
Terminal reallocations become easy.
A VLAN can span multiple switches.
The link of the trunk can carry traffic for multiple LANs.
Types of VLANsHere are the important types of VLANs
Types of VLAN
Port-Based VLANPort-based VLANs groups virtual local area network by port. In this type of virtual LAN, a switch port can be configured manually to a member of VLAN.
Devices that are connected to this port will belong to the same broadcast domain that is because all other ports are configured with a similar VLAN number.
The challenge of this type of network is to know which ports are appropriate to each VLAN. The VLAN membership can’t be known just by looking at the physical port of a switch. You can determine it by checking the configuration information.
Protocol Based VLANThis type of VLAN processes traffic based on a protocol that can be used to define filtering criteria for tags, which are untagged packets.
In this Virtual Local Area Network, the layer-3 protocol is carried by the frame to determine VLAN membership. It works in multi-protocol environments. This method is not practical in a predominately IP based network.
MAC Based VLAN Difference between LAN and VLANHere is an important difference between LAN and VLAN:
LAN VLAN
LAN can be defined as a group of computer and peripheral devices which are connected in a limited area. A VLAN can be defined as a custom network which is created from one or more local area networks.
The full form of LAN is Local Area Network The full form of VLAN is Virtual Local Area Network.
The latency of LAN is high. The latency of VLAN is less.
The cost of LAN is high. The cost of a VLAN is less.
In VLAN, the network packet is sent to only a specific broadcast domain.
It uses a ring, and FDDI (Fiber Distributed Data Interface) is a protocol. It uses ISP and VTP as a protocol.
Advantages of VLANHere are the important pros/benefits of VLAN:
It solves a broadcast problem.
VLAN reduces the size of broadcast domains.
VLAN allows you to add an additional layer of security.
It can make device management simple and easier.
You can make a logical grouping of devices by function rather than location.
It allows you to create groups of logically connected devices that act like they are on their own network.
You can logically segment networks based on departments, project teams, or functions.
VLAN helps you to geographically structure your network to support the growing companies.
Higher performance and reduced latency.
VLANs provide increased performance.
Users may work on sensitive information that must not be viewed by other users.
VLAN removes the physical boundary.
It lets you easily segment your network.
It helps you to enhance network security.
You can keep hosts separated by VLAN.
You do not require additional hardware and cabling, which helps you to saves costs.
It reduces the number of devices for particular network topology.
VLAN makes managing physical devices less complex.
Here are the important cons/ drawbacks of VLAN:
A packet can leak from one VLAN to other.
An injected packet may lead to a cyber-attack.
Threat in a single system may spread a virus through a whole logical network.
You require an additional router to control the workload in large networks.
You can face problems in interoperability.
A VLAN cannot forward network traffic to other VLANs.
Application/Purpose of VLANHere are the important uses of VLAN:
VLAN is used when you have 200+ devices on your LAN.
It is helpful when you have a lot of traffic on a LAN.
VLAN is ideal when a group of users need more security or being slow down by many broadcasts.
It is used when users are not on one broadcast domain.
Make a single switch into multiple switches.
Summary:
VLAN is defined as a custom network which is created from one or more local area networks.
VLAN in networking are identified by a number.
A Valid range is 1-4094. On a VLAN switch, you assign ports with the proper VLAN number.
Virtual LANs offer structure for making groups of devices, even if their networks are different.
The drawback of VLAN is that an injected packet may lead to a cyber-attack.
VLAN is used when you have 200+ devices on your LAN.
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